內容: Food safety is a worldwide concern and is directly related to human health. Therefore, convenient, effective, and economical methods and technologies for food safety analysis have been developed continuously. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have gained extensive attention in recent years, as they have high selectivity, high adsorption capacity, and are easy to isolate from food samples. Recently, advanced strategies for the synthesis of MMIPs have been proposed to solve problems of template leakage and non-specific adsorption, and to increase the biocompatibility, adsorption rate, as well as adsorption capacity of the imprinted materials. In this review, we focus on new attempts at modification of magnetic core and MMIPs’ surfaces, and the selection of template, functional monomer, cross-linker as well as porogen. Studies are summarized that used advanced MMIPs for the recognition and adsorption of pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, contaminants, and adulterations in foodstuffs over the last 5 years. Finally, some still existing challenges and future prospects to further promote MMIPs properties are also discussed.

內容: Biogenic amine is one of the main categories of hazardous compounds in meat and meat products, making its detection methods vital for the assurance of edible safety. In this sense, many biogenic amine detection techniques such as chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical methods have been developed, which play an irreplaceable role in ensuring the safety of meat and meat products. Due to the increasing demand for fast and on-site detection techniques, visual detection methods have been gradually developed compared with non-visual methods such as chromatography and electrophoresis. Herein, we comprehensively review the mechanism and the latest progress of these biogenic amine detection methods; besides, we put forward the prospects for the future development of biogenic amine detection techniques, with a view to providing support for the establishment of more accurate and efficient detection, prevention and control strategies of biogenic amines.

內容: Sophisticated analytical instruments are used for quality evaluation and scientific validation to compliance the market demands. Recently, increase in demand of Curcuma longa has led to a high swing in small and medium food industry. The present review is devoted to an in-depth information on metabolite database of C. longa from different analytical techniques such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. This work highlights different extraction methods, phytochemistry along with structure activity relationship, nutritional profiling, market viability and pharmacology of C. longa. The bioactives of C. longa depends on various factors such as plants growth, temperature, humidity, soil type, collection, drying and extraction process. These factors can contribute in quality evaluation of the food supplements if need to be included. The introduction of omics approaches can helpful to explore the quality and identification of potential lead of C. longa. The results could play an essential role in the area of food-phyto based profiling. Further, metabolomics techniques may provide an analytical platform by combination of different “omics” data sources for future research to food and herbal based products.

內容: The discrimination of liquors plays a vital role in our daily life as a large amount of cheap alcoholic beverages and low-quality counterfeits greatly damage the health of consumers. Array-based optical sensors have been developed as a fast and effective tool to discriminate multi-analytes or complex mixtures with similar structures, such as acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones. Over the past decades, optical sensor arrays have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in fast and accurate detection of diverse types, qualities, and authentic liquors. The identification strategy mainly focuses on the specific/non-specific interactions of flavor compounds in liquors with sensor elements. The cross-reactive optical signal readouts from the combination of sensor elements with liquors and multiple machine learning algorithms are essential to ensure the discriminatory capability of sensing system. In this review, we discuss the advantages and recent advances in pattern recognition of liquors in terms of the design of various types of sensing materials and the construction strategies of sensor arrays.

內容: Microbially contaminated food can cause serious health hazards and economic losses, therefore sensitive, rapid, and highly specific visual detection is called for. Traditional detection of microorganisms is complex and time-consuming, which cannot meet current testing demands. The emergence of paper-based biosensors provided an effective method for efficient and visual detection of microorganisms, due to its high speed, all-in-one device, low cost, and convenience. This review focused on 5 biomarkers, namely nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, metabolites, and the whole microorganism of microorganisms. Besides, the recognition methods were summed up in 5 forms, including immunological recognition, aptamer recognition, nucleic acid amplification-mediated recognition, DNAzyme recognition and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats mediated recognition. In addition, we summarized the applications of paper-based biosensors in the detection of microorganisms thoroughly. Through the exploration of different biomarkers, identification methods, and applications, we hope to provide a reference for the development of paper-based biosensors and their application in safeguarding the food chain.

內容: Nature has the ingenious capability to design spiky topological features at the macro-and nanoscales, which exhibits fascinating interface adhesive properties by means of multivalent interactions. Following a biomimetic approach, such as nanoscale virus particles are highly infectious toward host cells, a range of organic and inorganic spiky particles (virus-like nanostructures) have been precisely engineered for diverse biomedical applications. Generally, organic virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from viral capsids (often termed as virosomes) have been extensively studied and reviewed, but concomitant concerns regarding immunogenicity and risks of mutagenesis limit clinical potential of organic VLPs. In contrast, inorganic VLPs (viral-mimicking topography) possess fascinating physicochemical characteristics, such as excellent electrical, optical, magnetic, mechanical and catalytic properties, which make them particularly suitable for biomedical applications. Alternatively, there is no comprehensive review related to inorganic VLPs engineered with non-viral shell for biomedical applications. Hence, in this review, we present a brief overview on inorganic VLPs, followed by summarizing the construction and properties of virus-like nanostructures, as well as the mechanisms of nano-bio interface interactions initiated by spiky topography. Furthermore, we focus on the recent advances of VLPs for biomedical applications (including biosensing, antibacterial therapy and cancer treatment). Finally, the future outlook and emerging challenges will be presented. This review aims to provide future scope of the rational design of inorganic non-viral vectors, especially with respect to gene-based therapy platforms.

內容: Due to the lack of effective assessment method, overheated milk commodities are often marketed as pasteurized milk on the market, which was sold in high price by fraud. Thus, this article aims to establish an approach based on metabolomics to monitor thermal processing temperature of bovine milk. Metabolomics data of bovine milk samples heated at temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 150 °C were achieved by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) platform, followed by multivariate data analysis. A regular variation pattern of chemical composition as temperature rises was pictured, furthermore, Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyl lysine (CEL), pentosidine, pyrraline and lysinoalanine (LAL) were identified as 5 of the most contributed compounds to discriminate pasteurized and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk. By the comprehensive study on their content changes, we concluded that the optimal temperature range was 90?100 °C for the generation of CML and CEL in this experiment, moreover, 110?120 °C for LAL, 80?100 °C for pentosidine and 130?140 °C for pyrraline. Finally, a predicted rule to discriminate pasteurized and UHT milk was preliminarily established based on the ratios of CML/CEL, CEL/pentosidine and CML/pentosidine, which could be applied in food labelling authentication of commercial bovine milk after further validation.

內容: In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established to detect beef and lamb components, and its performance was tested. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was adopted and determined a coating concentration of capture antibody 3G5 of 1:4 000, a working concentration of enzyme-labeled antibody 2E7-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) of 1:1 000, a sample incubation time of 60 min and a detection antibody reaction time of 60 min. The specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and stability of this assay were determined. The limit of detection for beef and lamb skeletal muscle troponin I was 45 mg/kg, the inter-assay and intra-assay recovery rates ranged from 80.4% to 115.7%, the coefficients of variation were below 13.6%, and the cross reaction rates of the tissue components of chicken, duck and fish were below 13.4%. The sandwich ELISA method established in this study is stable and has high accuracy. The test results were consistent with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method at 50 and 100 g/kg. Therefore, this ELISA method can be used to quantitatively detect beef and lamb components in meat products.

內容: A sensitive and reliable method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 6 carbamate pesticides and relevant metabolites based on the modified fast QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method was also applied in the analysis of 23 commonly consumed oilseeds and oil samples. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile for three times and then the extracted solution was filtered directly through 250 mg precipitated silica adsorbent (PSA) and 250 mg C18. The mobile phase was water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile. The external standard protocols were adopted to validate the method in terms of recovery, linearity, precision, sensitivity, and relative standard deviation (RSD) under the optimized conditions. The linear calibration curves with different ranges were established with R2 > 0.997 3, limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.100 μg/kg to 2.000 μg/kg and limit of quantitations (LOQs) ranged from 0.300 μg/kg to 6.000 μg/kg. The LODs meets the detection requirement for the maximum residue limits in practical samples. Meanwhile, the recoveries ranged from 60.2% to 116.6% with associated RSDs ranged from 0.33% to 5.35% in 10 oilseeds matrices and ranged from 61.9% to 116.9% with RSDs ranged from 0.30% to 5.02% in 13 oil matrices. These features do make the UPLC-MS/MS an ideal analytical platform for accurate and high throughput analysis of carbamates residues in the complex matrix.

內容: A high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) fingerprint method for the overall chemical analysis of edible mushrooms was established based on Auricularia heimuer for the first time, and then applied to analyze 60 batches of A. heimuer, Auricularia cornea, Auricularia cornea ?Yu Muer? and Tremella fuciformis. A total of 9 characteristic peaks of A. heimuer, 11 characteristic peaks of A. cornea, 6 characteristic peaks of A. cornea ?Yu Muer?, and 9 characteristic peaks of T. fuciformis were designated. Then, a combinatory analysis, including similarity evaluation, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, revealed the chemical consistency and difference between samples from the same and different species. The HPLC fingerprint method established in this paper could be used to characterize the components of A. heimuer, A. cornea, A. cornea ?Yu Muer?, and T. fuciformis and discriminate the 4 edible mushrooms effectively in combination with pattern recognition analysis.