內(nèi)容: Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and it is implicated in various diseases, such as liver disease, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly lipid hydroperoxides in the cellular membrane can lead to membrane disruption and cell death mediated by ferroptosis. There are three necessary stages involving in the process of lipid peroxidation regulation in ferroptosis, including the synthesis of membrane phospholipids, initiation of lipid peroxidation and clearance of lipid peroxides. In this review, we summarized the molecular modulation mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis from the above three stages, as well as various ferroptosis modulators targeting lipid peroxidation, including commonly used products, natural bioactive compounds and selenocompounds. Collectively, these findings suggest the vital role of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis, and targeting lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis is potential to treat ferroptosis-associated diseases.

內(nèi)容: The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems, including cell-based meat, plant-based food products, precision fermentation, and 3D food printing. These advancements pose regulatory challenges and opportunities, with China emerging as a critical player in adopting and regulating new food technologies. This review explores the international landscape of new food sources and production systems (NFPS), focusing on China’s role and regulatory approaches compared to global practices. Through this comparative analysis, we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on food safety regulation, offering insights and recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers engaged in the global food system’s evolution. This comprehensive overview underscores the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks governing NFPS, highlighting the international efforts to ensure food safety, consumer protection, and the sustainable evolution of the food industry.

內(nèi)容: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutics are highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, but gastrointestinal toxicity limited the application. Intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in ICB-associated colitis. 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’FL) is most abundance prebiotic in human milk that can reshape gut microbiota and exert immune regulatory effect. The study aimed to determine the effects of 2’FL on ICB-associated colitis and to uncover the mediating mechanism. ICB-associated colitis was induced by the ipilimumab and dextran sulfate sodium. Oral administration of 2’FL (0.6 g/(kg?day)) ameliorated ICB-induced colitis by enhancing regulatory T cells (Treg) and the M2/M1 ratio of macrophages in colon. 2’FL treatment also increased the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and mucin 2 (MUC2)) and antioxidant stress indicators (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)). In addition, administration of 2’FL increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and elevated the levels of microbial metabolites, such as indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), which activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands (AHR) pathway. The protective effect of 2’FL was abolished upon depletion of gut microbiota, and ILA treatment partially simulated the protective effect of 2’FL. Notably, 2’FL did not exhibit inhibition of antitumor immunity. These findings suggest that 2’FL could serve as a potential protective strategy for ICB-associated colitis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites.

內(nèi)容: Ovotransferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, accounting for approximately 12% of egg white protein, is a member of transferrin family. Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity. The work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight, food intake and organ weight. After 12-week treatment, feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1% (1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet) prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone microarchitecture. The serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups, while the bone resorption biomarkers were decreased. Ovotransferrin feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-α and IL-6, which are two stimulators for osteoclast differentiation. In addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover, ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis, and regulating immune response. Our results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.

內(nèi)容: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (n = 9) was assigned randomly to the control group (3.72 °C/h), very fast chilling-I group (VFC-I, 9.31 °C/h) and VFC-II group (14.43 °C/h). The DIA was used to analyze the difference in proteins under different chilling rates. Results showed that tenderness was improved significantly in meat at the chilling rate of 14.43 °C/h. Seventy-nine differential abundant proteins (fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), including 46 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated proteins, were identified and mainly involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and proteasome pathways. These pathways indicated that VFC delayed cell metabolism and glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. The tenderness was improved by up-regulating the expression of proteasome and m-calpain.

內(nèi)容: Glycidol is a common lipid-derived foodborne toxicant mainly presents in refined oils and related foodstuffs. Vascular endothelial cells may be potential targets of the deleterious effects associated with glycidol exposure. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we found that glycidol treatment promoted endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) at a lower concentration (0.5 mmol/L), while induced apoptosis and inflammation at a higher concentration (1 mmol/L). These harmful effects were achieved by the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and were mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the protective potential of 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin (6-CEFN) against glycidol was evaluated and compared with naringenin. HUVECs pre-treated with 6-CEFN, but not naringenin, displayed resistance to endothelial dysfunction caused by glycidol.

內(nèi)容: Melamine is one of the most frequently detected adulterants in dairy products. The current study proposes a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based analytical tool for fast and reliable screening of melamine in bovine milk. A hand-held Raman spectrometer was used in conjunction with a substrate composed of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that was 2D printed onto glass fiber (GF) filter paper. Under optimized conditions, a sensitive and fingerprint-like signal at 674 cm?1 was obtained. The AgNPs/GF substrate exhibited high sensitivity to melamine in milk down to 1.949 8 × 10?5 mg/mL, which is well below the USA and EU safety limits (2.5 × 10?3 mg/mL). Remarkably, the proposed technology was also highly reproducible, showing spot-to-spot and block-to-block variations below 3.3% and 4.9% at 674 cm?1 in Raman intensity, respectively. The characteristic peak intensity and concentration of melamine showed an acceptable linear relationship (R2 = 0.990 9) within the range of 0.000 1–1 mg/mL. Overall, the method established in this study can provide an efficient and effective method for the quantitative target screening and detection of melamine in dairy products.

內(nèi)容: With an aim to comprehend the precise regulatory mechanism of dioscin against endometrial carcinoma (EC), we firstly extracted the components from Polygonatum sibiricum followed by identification and structural characterization. The anti-EC activity of dioscin was initially determined based on the inhibition of Ishikawa cell proliferation and tumor growth. The high-throughput sequencing data indicated that dioscin not only promoted apoptosis, including decrease of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and increase of c-PARP and Bcl-2-associcated agonist of cell death (Bad), but also induced autophagy, including increase of autophagic lysosomes and LC3II/LC3I ratio. Mechanistic exploration suggested that dioscin induced autophagy and apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Besides, the dioscin-regulated p53 pathway was mainly involved in autophagy induction. Furthermore, inhibition of Ishikawa cell autophagy was linked to dioscin-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest the immense potential of dioscin for the development of functional food for EC and related medical application.

內(nèi)容: Studies showed that complexation of polyphenols with milk allergens reduced their immunogenic potential. However, the relationship between structures of polyphenols and their hypoallergenic effects on milk allergens in association with physiological and conformational changes of the complexes remain unclear. In this study, polyphenols from eight botanical sources were extracted to prepare non-covalent complexes with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), a major allergen in milk. The dominant phenolic compounds bound to β-LG with a diminished allergenicity were identified to investigate their respective role on the structural and allergenic properties of β-LG. Extracts from Vaccinium fruits and black soybeans were found to have great inhibitory effects on the IgE- and IgG-binding abilities of β-LG. Among the fourteen structure-related phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins with larger MWs and multi-hydroxyl substituents, notably rutin, EGCG, and ellagitannins were more potent to elicit changes on the conformational structures of β-LG to decrease the allergenicity of complexed β-LG. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that a destabilized secondary structure and protein depolymerization caused by polyphenol-binding were closely related to the allergenicity property of formed complexes. This study provides insights into the understanding of structure-allergenicity relationship of β-LG-polyphenol interactions and would benefit the development of polyphenol-fortified matrices with hypoallergenic potential.

內(nèi)容: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of Maillard reaction products of Haematococcus pluvialis protein and galactose (HPP-GAL) for improving the bioactivities of curcumin (CUR) for alleviating alcoholic liver damage. CUR was embedded into HPP-GAL nanoparticles by the self-assembly of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction with the particle size around 200 nm. HPP-GAL enhanced the encapsulation efficiency and loading amount of CUR with the value of (89.21 ± 0.33)% and (0.500 ± 0.004)%, respectively. The stabilities of CUR under strong acid, salt ion stability and ultraviolet irradiation conditions were improved by the encapsulation. HPP-GAL-CUR nanoparticles exhibited excellent concentration-dependent in vitro antioxidant activities including DPPH and ABTS scavenging rates, and better protective effect on CUR against gastric acid environment as well as longer release of CUR in simulated intestinal fluid. In addition, the HPP-GAL-CUR delivery system possessed liver targeting property due to the existence of GAL, which could effectively alleviate the alcohol-induced liver damage and the inflammation indexes by inhibiting the oxidative stress. Therefore, HPP-GAL-CUR nanoparticles might be a potential candidate system for the prevention of alcoholic liver damage in the future.