內(nèi)容: The Mediterranean diet has long been recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent and improve cardiovascular disease. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the typical sources of fat in the Mediterranean diet which have been shown to have noteworthy nutritional value and positive impact on human health. It is worth noting that EVOO owes its superior nutritional value to its bioactive composition. The main component of EVOO is monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the form of oleic acid. Oleic acid accounts for up to 70%?80% of EVOO. Secondly, EVOO contains approximately more than 30 phenolic compounds, of which HT is essential for the protection against cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focused on the potential mechanisms of oleic acid and polyphenols combat cardiovascular diseases risk in terms of oxidative stress, inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cholesterol. This review might provide a reference for the studies on cardiovascular protective effects of EVOO.

內(nèi)容: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology. Gut microbiota influences the gut-brain axis, which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, diet and physical activity are likely to affect the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease as well as the gut microbiota. This demonstrates that it may be possible to prevent or halt the progression of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the gut microbiota using diet and physical activity strategies. Therefore, the present study reviews the association between these two interventions and gut microbiota in the human body. It also summarizes how these two interventions benefit Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the primary limitations of these two interventions are discussed and promising strategies are proposed, which may be beneficial to further study and develop the intervening measure for the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

內(nèi)容: Nitrogen, one of the most crucial nutrients present in grapes and musts, plays a key role in yeast activities during alcoholic fermentation. Such influences are imposed on yeast growth and fermentation performances including the formation of secondary metabolites. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the main yeast responsible for fermentation, has been studied extensively regarding nitrogen impacts. On the other hand, a similar study for non-Saccharomyces yeasts, whose contributions to winemaking have gradually been acknowledged, remains to be fully explored, with a few studies being reported. This review starts by discussing nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeast growth and fermentation kinetics in different case scenarios, then proceeds to summarize the nitrogen preferences of individual yeast strains with regulation mechanisms elucidated by recent studies. Detailed discussions on the influences on the production of volatile compounds and proposed pathways therein are made, followed by future work suggested as the final section. In summarizing the nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeasts throughout alcoholic fermentation, this review will be helpful in obtaining a more comprehensive view on these non-conventional wine yeasts in terms of nutrient requirements and corresponding volatile production. Research gaps will therefore be elucidated for future research.

內(nèi)容: Ganoderma lucidum, one of the most well-known edible fungi, is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality. A long usage history suggests that G. lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects. And experimental studies have confirmed that G. lucidum has multiple pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-microbial, anti-HIV protease, and antidiabetic activity and so on. With the deepening of research, more than 300 compounds have been isolated from G. lucidum. There is an increasing population of G. lucidum-based products, and its international development is expanding. Currently, G. lucidum has drawn much attention to its chemical composition, therapeutic effect, clinical value, and safety. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of G. lucidum.

內(nèi)容: Resveratrol (RSV), as a functional food component extracted from natural plants, has been widely studied and recognized in preventing and treating various diseases, with major mechanisms including executing anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation functions, and improving mitochondrial quality. Chronic diseases as non-communicable diseases are mainly caused by multiple factors, such as physiological decline and dysfunction in the body, and have become a significant challenge on public health worldwide. It is worth noting that chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), muscle atrophy, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and cancer are accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial function. Therefore, targeted regulation of mitochondria may be a meaningful way to prevent and treat chronic diseases. Increasing evidence has confirmed that RSV is actively involved in regulating mitochondria, and it has become an essential consideration to prevent and treat chronic diseases through targeting mitochondria and improving corresponding functions. In this article, current studies on RSV to optimize mitochondrial quality for preventing and alleviating chronic disease are systematically summarized, which can provide a theoretical reference for the development of functional foods or drugs to combat chronic diseases.

內(nèi)容: Human normal flora is a source of probiotics. The safety characteristics of a specific isolate determine its application in foods or drugs. The food-borne-pathogen antagonist strain Lactobacillus gasseri HMV18 is one of the isolates from normal human flora. In this work, we assessed the in vitro pH tolerance, bile tolerance, biogenic amine production, mucin utilization, and safety of in vivo administration to mice to evaluate general health, organ-body weight index, organ histopathological change, whether L. gasseri HMV18 can colonize in the gut or modulate the gut microbiota after oral administration. The results suggest that L. gasseri HMV18 can tolerate pH 3 for 2 h, 3% bile for 3 h, biogenic amine negative, mucin usage negative, does not encode verified toxins, and cause no visible change in mice’s organs. L. gasseri HMV18 might not colonize in mice’s gut, but can significantly affect the structure of gut microbiota. A bibliographical survey suggested that there were as few as 8 opportunistic infection cases from 1984 to 2022 and that the possibility for L. gasseri to cause infection is relatively low. Therefore, this work provides a basis for the foods or drugs application of L. gasseri HMV18 and gives a map of experiments for the safety assessment of probiotics.

內(nèi)容: Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is the most common anthocyanin in dark grains and berries and is a food functional factor to improve visual health. However, the mechanisms of C3G on blue light-induced retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell photooxidative damage needs further exploration. We investigated the effects of C3G on blue light-irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells and explored whether sphingolipid, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mitochondria-mediated pathways are involved in this mechanism. Blue light irradiation led to mitochondria and lysosome damage in RPE cells, whereas C3G preserved mitochondrial morphology and function and maintained the lysosomal integrity. C3G suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK and mitochondria-mediated pathways to inhibit RPE cell apoptosis. Lipidomics data showed that C3G protected RPE cells against blue light-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis by maintaining sphingolipids balance. C3G significantly inhibited ceramide (Cer d18:0/15:0, Cer d18:0/16:0 and Cer d18:0/18:0) accumulation and elevated galactosylceramide (GalCer d18:1/15:0 and GalCer d18:1/16:0) levels in the irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells. Furthermore, C3G attenuated cell membrane damage by increasing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine levels. C3G inhibited apoptosis and preserved the structure of mitochondria and lysosome by regulating sphingolipid signaling and suppression of MAPK activation in RPE cells. Thus, dietary supplementation of C3G prevents retinal photooxidative damage.

內(nèi)容: Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols (SLP) have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits, but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice. In the current study, we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides, three phenol derivatives, and two lignans including one new compound, and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation, improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, ameliorated hepatic steatosis, and regulated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice. Notably, SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition, especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens. Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome (MetS), regulated secondary bile acid metabolism, and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.

內(nèi)容: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a risk factor of various chronic diseases, which was produced by metabolism from precursors to trimethylamine (TMA) in gut and the oxidation from TMA in liver. The TMA generation was influenced by diet, mainly due to the rich TMAO precursors in diet. However, it was still unclear that the effects of different proportion and source of macronutrients in different dietary pattern on the production process of TMAO. Here, the generation of TMA from precursors and TMAO from TMA was determined after single oral choline chloride and intraperitoneal injection TMA, respectively, in mice fed with carbohydrates, proteins and fats in different proportion and sources. The results suggested that the generation of TMAO was increased by low non-meat protein and high fat via enhancing the production of TMAO from TMA, and decreased by plant protein and refined sugar via reducing TMA production from precursors in gut and TMAO transformation from TMA in liver. The high fat and high sugar diets accelerating the development of atherosclerosis did not increase the production of TMAO, the risk factor for atherosclerosis, which indicated that the dietary compositions rather than the elevated TMAO level might be a more key risk factor for atherosclerosis.

內(nèi)容: Forsythia suspensa, belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family, a traditional Chinese medicine, has effects of alleviating swelling, clearing heat, detoxification and promoting blood circulation. The leaves of F. suspensa contain multiple chemical components and have a long history of use in folk medicines and health foods. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of forsythin extract from F. suspensa leaves on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Forsythin extract in F. suspensa leaves increased the abundance of the intestinal microbiota, ameliorated intestinal microbiota disorders and inhibited the increase in total SCFA content in the intestinal tract in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. These results suggested that forsythin extract in F. suspensa leaves may slow the development of obesity induced by a high-fat diet; thus, its active components and efficacy are worthy of further study.