內(nèi)容: Probiotics could effectively eliminate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during aging or lipid metabolism disorders, but their mechanism is unclear. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarun AR113 alleviating oxidative stress injury in the D-galactose induced aging mice. The result showed that pretreatment with L. plantarun AR113 significantly relieving H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by maintain cell membrane integrity and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. In D-galactose induced aging mice, L. plantarun AR113 could significantly attenuate liver damage and inflammatory infiltration by promoting endogenous glutathione (GSH) synthesis and activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in mice, and increasing the expression of regulated phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Further analysis shown that gavage of L. plantarun AR113 could significantly reduce the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) proteins, and promote the restoration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, thereby activating cell anti-apoptotic pathways. These results were also confirmed in H2O2-treated HepG2 experiments. It indicated that L. plantarun AR113 could inhibit D-galactose-induced liver injury through dual inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress. L. plantarun AR113 have good application potential in anti-aging and alleviating metabolic disorders.

內(nèi)容: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism, resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid. In this study, a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified with the function of alleviating hyperuricemia. The relevant effects of L. brevis PDD-5 in lowering uric acid were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the L. brevis PDD-5 has (68.86 ± 15.46)% of inosine uptake capacity and (95.75 ± 3.30)% of guanosine uptake capacity in vitro. Oral administration of L. brevis PDD-5 to hyperuricemia rats reduced uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen in serum, as well as decreased inosine and guanosine levels in the intestinal contents of rats. Analysis of relevant markers in the kidney by ELISA kits revealed that L. brevis PDD-5 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the gene expression of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) was down-regulated, and the gene expression of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) was up-regulated after treatment with L. brevis PDD-5. Western blot analysis showed that L. brevis PDD-5 alleviated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury through the NLRP3 pathway. These findings suggest that L. brevis PDD-5 can lower uric acid, repair kidney damage, and also has the potential to prevent uric acid nephropathy.

內(nèi)容: Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins (CTs) have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks, and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day) at the same time. The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet, a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss, dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver, and oxidative stress in the liver, but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake. CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation. Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.

內(nèi)容: Norovirus (NoV) is regarded as one of the most common causes of foodborne diarrhea in the world. It is urgent to identify the pathogenic microorganism of the diarrhea in short time. In this work, we developed an electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection for NoV based on the excellent dual catalytic properties of copper peroxide/COF-NH2 nanocomposite (CuO2@COF-NH2). For the colorimetric detection, NoV can be directly detected by the naked eye based on CuO2@COF-NH2 as a laccase-like nonazyme using “peptide-NoV-antibody” recognition mode. The colorimetric assay displayed a wide and quality linear detection range from 1 copy/mL to 5 000 copies/mL of NoV with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.125 copy/mL. For the electrochemical detection of NoV, CuO2@COF-NH2 showed an oxidation peak of copper ion from Cu+ to Cu2+ using “peptide-NoV-antibody” recognition mode. The electrochemical assay showed a linear detection range was 1?5 000 copies/mL with a LOD of 0.152 copy/mL. It’s worthy to note that this assay does not need other electrical signal molecule, which provide the stable and sensitive electrochemial detection for NoV. The electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection was used to detect NoV in foods and faceal samples, which has the potential for improving food safety and diagnosing of NoV-infected diarrhea.

內(nèi)容: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been demonstrated potential for use in diseases associated with oxidative stress. Functionalized SeNPs with lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility could bring better therapeutic activity and clinical application value. Herein, this work was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Pleurotus tuber-regium polysaccharide-protein complex funtionnalized SeNPs (PTR-SeNPs) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced oxidative injure in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6J mouse liver. Further elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism, in particular their modulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway was also performed. The results showed that PTR-SeNPs could significantly ameliorate APAP-induced oxidative injury as evidenced by a range of biochemical analysis, histopathological examination and immunoblotting study. PTR-SeNPs could hosphorylate and activate PKCδ, depress Keap1, and increase nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, resulting in upregulation of GCLC, GCLM, HO-1 and NQO-1 expression. Besides, PTR-SeNPs suppressed the biotransformation of APAP to generate intracellular ROS through CYP 2E1 inhibition, restoring the mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, the protective effect of PTR-SeNPs against APAP induced hepatotoxicity was weakened as Nrf2 was depleted in vivo, indicating the pivotal role of Nrf2 signaling pathway in PTR-SeNPs mediated hepatoprotective efficacy. Being a potential hepatic protectant, PTR-SeNPs could serve as a new source of selenium supplement for health-promoting and biomedical applications.

內(nèi)容: To determine the effects of plant-based meat analogues on the metabolic health and the possible mechanisms, mice were fed with a real pork diet (AP), a real beef diet (AB), a plant-based pork analogue diet (PP) and plant-based beef analogue diet (PB) for 68 days. Compared with real meat, the plant-based meat analogues increased food and energy intake, body weight, white fat and liver weight and caused adipocyte hypertrophy, hepatic lipid droplet accumulation, and inflammatory responses in mice. Metabolomics revealed that plant-based meat analogues altered the composition of serum metabolites, which regulated lipid metabolism homeostasis. The PB diet upregulated gene expression related to lipid synthesis, lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation while the PP diet upregulated expression of lipolysis-related genes but downregulated expression of adipocyte differentiation-related genes in white adipose tissue. Meanwhile, both PP and PB diets upregulated lipid influx- and synthesis-related genes but downregulated lipid oxidation-related genes in liver. The specific metabolite biomarkers may affect fat accumulation mainly by direct lipid metabolism pathways or indirect amino acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, bile secretion, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ABC transporters pathways. These findings provide a new insight into understanding the differences in nutritional functions of meat and plant-based meat analogues.

內(nèi)容: Sodium butyrate (NaB) can regulate lipid metabolism and inhibit hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to investigate whether NaB can alleviate fructose-induced hepatic steatosis via remodeling the gut microbiota and evaluate the anti-fatty liver mechanisms. The results showed that NaB and NaB-remodeled gut microbiota significantly alleviated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis and increased plasma uric acid and fructose levels. Furthermore, both NaB and NaB-remodeled gut microbiota increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and altered the levels of plasma amino acids (upregulating gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and downregulating L-glutamic acid and L-arginine) in fructose-exposed mice. The correlation analysis showed that GABA levels positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance, and increased GABA levels might promote the reduction of the hepatic triglyceride content. Further studies confirmed that GABA significantly reduced lipid deposition in mouse hepatocytes induced via fructose pretreatment in vitro. These findings suggested that NaB could ameliorate fructose-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating gut microbiota.

內(nèi)容: Soymilk is a natural nanocarrier. However, the performance of flavonoid-soymilk nano-complex remains unclear. In this work, icariin-soymilk nano-complexes (ISNCs) were successfully fabricated and characterized. The effects of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment on structure and physicochemical properties of soymilk and nano-complexes were investigated. HPH treatment could significantly improve the surface hydrophobicity and interfacial activity of soymilk. The soymilk with HPH treatment could significantly improve the water solubility (20 folds), thermal stability and bioavailability of icariin. The highest encapsulation efficiency (93.28%), loading capacity (39.09 μg/mg), ζ-potentia (absolute value, 31.20 mV) and bioavailability (72.14%) were observed in HSI-200 (200 bar of homogenization pressure). While HSI-500 (500 bar of homogenization pressure) showed the smallest particle size (183.73 nm). ISNCs showed a rougher surface and an irregular lamellar structure with large amount of fine particles by using Cryo-SEM, suggesting that icariin was encapsulated in soymilk. These data supplied a novel strategy to improve the performance of icariin in functional foods.

內(nèi)容: The gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged as a novel target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterised by behavioural and cognitive impairment. However, most previous microbiome-based intervention studies have focused on single factors and yielded only modest cognitive improvements. Here, we proposed a multidomain intervention strategy that combined Bifidobacterium breve treatment with environmental enrichment (EE) training. In this study, we found that compared with EE or B. breve treatment alone, B. breve intervention combined with EE amplified its neuroprotective effects on AD mice, as reflected by improved cognition, inhibited neuroinflammation and enhanced synaptic function. Moreover, using microbiome and metabolome profiling, we found that the combination of B. breve and EE treatment restored AD-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and reversed microbial metabolite changes. Finally, by integrating behavioural and neurological data with metabolomic profiles, we revealed that the underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of microbiota-derived glutamine metabolism vi gut-brain interactions. Collectively, combined B. breve intervention with EE treatment can alleviate AD-related cognitive impairment and improve brain function by regulating glutamine metabolism of the gut microbiome. Our findings provide a promising multidomain intervention strategy, with a combination of dietary microbiome-based and lifestyle-targeted interventions, to promote brain function and delay the progression of AD.

內(nèi)容: Mercury is a threatening pollutant in food, herein, we developed a Tb3+-nucleic acid probe-based label-free assay for mix-and-read, rapid detection of mercury pollution. The assay utilized the feature of light-up fluorescence of terbium ions (Tb3+) via binding with single-strand DNA. Mercury ion, Hg2+ induced thymine (T)-rich DNA strand to form a double-strand structure (T-Hg2+-T), thus leading to fluorescence reduction. Based on the principle, Hg2+ can be quantified based on the fluorescence of Tb3+, the limit of detection was 0.068 9 μmol/L and the linear range was 0.1?6.0 μmol/L. Due to the specificity of T-Hg2+-T artificial base pair, the assay could distinguish Hg2+ from other metal ions. The recovery rate was ranged in 98.71%?101.34% for detecting mercury pollution in three food samples. The assay is low-cost, separation-free and mix-to-read, thus was a competitive tool for detection of mercury pollution to ensure food safety.