內(nèi)容: Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties. In this study, PC12, HepG2 cells, and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that naringin inhibited H2O2-induced decline in cell viability and decreased the content of reactive oxygen species in cells. Meanwhile, naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies, enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress, improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased malondialdehyde content. Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Moreover, naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr, chico, pi3k, and akt-1, and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2, dilp3, dilp5, and foxo, thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes. Furthermore, the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling (IIS) pathway and activating the autophagy pathway, which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.

內(nèi)容: Bacillus coagulans has been extensively studied so far, but there has been a lack of research on its usage in allergy. In this study, we designed to assess the effect of different concentrations of B. coagulans on food allergy in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy and its effect on gut microbes. The assessment of symptoms, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), T-cell differentiation, and related gene expression levels in sensitized mice by assay indicated that high doses of oral B. coagulans could alleviate allergic symptoms. Treatment with B. coagulans, in the high-dose group, significantly reduced IgE and IgG1 levels and modulated the balance of T helper type 1 cell (Th1) and Th2 and the expression of relevant genes in the spleen. 16S rRNA analysis showed that probiotics improved the structure of the microbiota, in particular by boosting the percentage of Clostridia, Bacteroides vulgatus and Enterococcus faecium, and by increasing the abundance of microbial species, thereby modulating the immune system. Therefore, this study can provide insights into the practical application of B. coagulans doses to alleviate OVA allergy.

內(nèi)容: The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential; however, pharmacological treatments are limited. Herein, we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk (FM) in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy. After 3 months of FM (containing vitamin D, and casein phosphopeptides, 1 000 mg Ca/100 g) or control milk (110 mg Ca/100 g milk) supplementation, bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and bone biomechanical testing. The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition, which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis, relaxin signaling, serotonergic synapse, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur, as well as femoral compressive strength, while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture. Mechanistically, we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen, bone formation marker osteocalcin, and procollagen type I N-propeptide, and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopeptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b. Overall, the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.

內(nèi)容: Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities. However, the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste. Recently, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments (0.1, 100, 200, and 300 MPa for 1–5 h at 50 °C) on the emulsifying property, antioxidant activity, and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate (SPIH). As observed, the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index (47.49 m2/g) and emulsifying stability index (92.98%), and it had higher antioxidant activities (44.77% DPPH free radical scavenging activity, 31.12% superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and 61.50% copper ion chelating activity). At the same time, the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size. In addition, the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability. This study has a broad application prospect?in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.

內(nèi)容: Previous studies have shown that trans fatty acids (TFA) are associated with several chronic diseases, the gut microbiota is directly influenced by dietary components and linked to chronic diseases. Our research investigated the effects of elaidic acid (EA), a typical TFA, on the gut microbiota to understand the underlying mechanisms of TFA-related chronic diseases. 16S rDNA gene sequencing on faecal samples from Sprague-Dawley rats were performed to explore the composition change of the gut microbiota by EA gavage for 4 weeks. The results showed that the intake of EA increased the abundance of well-documented harmful bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Anaerotruncus, Oscillibacter and Desulfovibrionaceae. Plus, EA induced translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the above pathogenic bacteria, disrupted the intestinal barrier, led to gut-liver axis derangement and TLR4 pathway activation in the liver. Overall, EA induced intestinal barrier damage and regulated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathways in the liver of SD rats, leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory liver damage.

內(nèi)容: F-2 toxin is an estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive disorders in animals. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoid that has diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of BA and its underlying mechanism are explored in F-2 toxin-triggered mouse ovarian damage. We found that BA alleviated the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by stimulating follicle growth, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, repairing damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Simultaneously, BA not only reversed F-2 toxin-induced reduction of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the serum, but also restrained the protein expression of the estrogen receptors α (ERα) and ERβ. Moreover, BA restored the balance of F-2 toxin-induced ovarian redox system disorders. Subsequently, we found that 0.25 mg/kg BA played an anti-inflammatory role in the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression, as well as inhibiting p38 protein expression. These data demonstrated that BA exerts its protective effect on F-2 toxin-induced ovarian oxidative impairment and inflammation by inhibiting p38 expression, which implies a natural product-based medicine to ameliorate F-2 toxin-caused female reproductive toxicity and provides a detoxifying method for food contaminated by mycotoxin.

內(nèi)容: In this paper, tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+ were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) encapsulating phlorotannins (PTN). pH-Responsive nanoparticles were prepared successfully (zein-PTN-CQDs-FeIII). Further, the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization methods. The zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) revealed that metal-polyphenol network structure could improve the EE of PTN. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicated the thermal stability of zein-PTN-CQDs-FeIII nanoparticles increased because of metal-polyphenol network structure. The pH-responsive nanoparticles greatly increased the release rate of active substances and achieved targeted release.

內(nèi)容: To investigate the effects of drinking the soaking of Malus domeri (Bois) Chev. leaves on gut microbiota and metabolites of long-living elderly individuals in Hezhou city, Guangxi, China. It has been reported that longevity is closely related to metabolism and the gut microbiota. The 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analysis fecal samples and explore the factors affecting longevity in the region. Interestingly, we discovered, that elderly individuals who had been drinking the soaking of M. domeri (Bois) Chev. leaves for a long time exhibited higher diversity of the gut microbiota than without drinking the soaking, notably. The proportions of Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella were decreased in those who did not drink this soaking. In addition, a total of 106 metabolites were characterized, and the people of long-lived people (> 90 years old) and elderly people (< 90 years old) who drinking soaking of M. domeri (Bois) Chev. leaves significantly altered the gut microbiota and upregulated levels of haplopine, farnesol, genipic acid, momordicinin, 2-hydroxyestrone, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, caffeic acid, sophoraflavanone B, and soyasaponin I. We preliminarily determined that M. domeri (Bois) Chev. leaves consumption may be an important factor affecting longevity in this area.

內(nèi)容: Peanut allergy is majorly related to severe food induced allergic reactions. Several food including cow’s milk, hen’s eggs, soy, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts (walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, cashews, pecans and pistachios), fish and shellfish are responsible for more than 90% of food allergies. Here, we provide promising insights using a large-scale data-driven analysis, comparing the mechanistic feature and biological relevance of different ingredients presents in peanuts, tree nuts (walnuts, almonds, cashews, pecans and pistachios) and soybean. Additionally, we have analysed the chemical compositions of peanuts in different processed form raw, boiled and dry-roasted. Using the data-driven approach we are able to generate new hypotheses to explain why nuclear receptors like the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and its isoform and their interaction with dietary lipids may have significant effect on allergic response. The results obtained from this study will direct future experimental and clinical studies to understand the role of dietary lipids and PPAR-isoforms to exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions on cells of the innate immunity and influence antigen presentation to the cells of the adaptive immunity.

內(nèi)容: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent inflammatory bowel disease that imposes a severe burden on families and society. In recent years, exploiting the potential of marine bioactive peptides for the treatment of diseases has become a topic of intense research interest. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the protective effect of the dominant polypeptide PKKVV (Pro-Lys-Lys-Val-Val) of Rhopilema esculentum cnidoblasts against DSS-induced UC through a combined analysis of the metagenome and serum metabolome. Specifically, the polypeptide composition of R. esculentum cnidoblasts was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). Molecular docking showed that the dominant peptide PKKVV could bind better with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) than the original ligand. Subsequent animal experiments suggested that PKKVV could modulate disorganized gut microorganisms in mice with UC; affect serum metabolites through the arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism pathways; and further alleviate UC symptoms. This study provides a reference for the comprehensive development of marine bioactive substances and nonpharmaceutical treatments for UC.