It has been widely accepted that resistant starch (RS) provides numerous health benefits for human. In this research, we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes, RS5, in comparison with RS2 on physical features, glucolipids metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The T2DM model was established by streptozotocin injection to the high-fat-sugar fed rats. According to a serial of biochemical analyses, we found that RS5 diets were strongly correlated with enhanced homeostatic model assessment for insulin secretion (HOMA-IS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin (ADP), insulin action index (IAI), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in T2DM rats whilst negatively associated with the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and inflammatory cytokines, showing the capabilities to ameliorate T2DM symptoms by regulation of glucolipid metabolism, gut metabolites, and inflammation. On the other hand, RS2-enriched supplementations were influential in the mediation of insulin secretion to improve glucose metabolism. The increasing evidence collected herein suggested that intestinal microbiota could mediate glucolipids metabolism and alleviate inflammation after certain microflora nourished by RS. In addition, RS intake made an impact on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway that might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory responses.