內(nèi)容: In vitro simulated colonic fermentation studies have shown the prebiotic potential of exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YY-112 (YEPS). Its immunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms were systematically investigated in this study. We observed that YEPS intervene in immune responses and improve intestinal microbial structure in normal mice, including significantly increasing the relative abundance of Enterorhabdus and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia UCG-014 as well as decreasing that of unclassified_c_Bacilli (P < 0.05). In the immunocompromised mouse model, YEPS decreased interleukin-6 levels (P < 0.05) and protected the spleen by regulating lymphocyte levels. YEPS preserved the intestinal barrier by improving Mucin 2, Zonula occludens protein 1, and Occludin expression. Moreover, YEPS significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacillus, unclassified_c_Bacilli, Lachnoclostridium, Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, and Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), potentially enhancing mice immunity by improving the intestinal microbiota associated with immune function. In conclusion, YEPS can be used as a natural functional extract with prebiotic effects that may improve host immunity. This provided the basis for the application of YEPS as a novel potential food additive.

內(nèi)容: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the major global public health problems. Yeast extract (YE), a product prepared from yeast, has been proven to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential role of YE in the prevention of ALD remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of YE on ALD and explore the underlying mechanism based on gut microbiota. The result showed that YE supplementation significantly ameliorated chronic alcohol exposure-induced liver injury in mice. In addition, YE counteracted alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage-induced inflammatory response in the liver. Moreover, microbiota depletion by a broad-spectrum antibiotic was sufficient to block the protective effect of YE on ALD, indicating the contribution of gut dysbiosis modulation to the hepatoprotective role of YE. Furthermore, we demonstrated the causal relationship between gut microbiota and hepatoprotective effects of YE with the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment. Compared with the ALD-FMT mice, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway activation, and liver inflammatory response were significantly improved in the YE-FMT mice. Together, our findings highlight that dietary YE protects against ALD through gut dysbiosis correction.

內(nèi)容: Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements. This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of personalized interventions by aligning dietary adjustments with both the genotype and metabolotype of individuals. Therefore, we assessed here the usefulness of a polygenic score (PGS) characterizing a potential pro-inflammatory profile (PGSi) as a nutrigenetic tool to discern individuals from the Danish PREVENTOMICS cohort that could better respond to precision nutrition (PN) plans, specifically targeted at counteracting the low-grade inflammatory profile typically found in obesity. The cohort followed a PN plan to counteract the pro-inflammatory profile (PNi group) or generic dietary recommendations (Control) for 10 weeks. PGSi was applied for genetic stratification (Low/High). The effects of the intervention on anthropometrics and biomarkers related to inflammatory profile and carbohydrate metabolism were assessed. Around 30% of subjects had a high genetic predisposition to pro-inflammatory status (high-PGSi). These individuals demonstrated the most effective response to the dietary plan, experiencing improved body composition, with significant decreases in body weight (?: –4.84%; P = 0.039) and body fat (?: –4.86%; P = 0.007), and beneficial changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, with significant increases in IL-10 (?: 71.3%; P = 0.025) and decreases in TNF-α (?: –3.0%; P = 0.048), CRP (?: –31.1%), ICAM1 (?: –5.8%), and MCP1 (?: –4.2%) circulating levels, compared to low-PGSi individuals. Both phenotypic and genetic stratification contributed to a better understanding of metabolic heterogeneity in response to diet. This approach allows for refinement of the prediction of individual requirements and potentially for better management of obesity.

內(nèi)容: Mastitis is a common disease that affects women during lactation, posing a threat to the health of both mothers and infants. Recent studies have shown that insufficient nutrient intake increase the risk of mastitis. Phlorizin (PHZ) is one of the nutrients present in apples. This study uses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis mice and LPS + ATP-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) as research objects to explore the effect and mechanism of PHZ on mastitis. Different from in vitro beliefs, our findings demonstrated that PHZ significantly reduced inflammation and protected the blood-milk barrier (BMB) in vivo. Additionally, we observed that oral administration of PHZ regulated the intestinal flora and exhibited prebiotic functions. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of PHZ was not solely dependent on the intestinal flora, as antibiotic disruption of the intestinal flora does not completely abolish the improvement of mastitis by PHZ. Further mechanistic research revealed that the anti-inflammatory properties of PHZ were attributed to its metabolism into phloretin (PHT). Moreover, our results demonstrated that PHT reduced inflammation and protected the BMB by promoting autophagy to prevent the pyroptosis of mMECs. This study provides a theoretical basis for reducing inflammation in lactating women by consuming fruits, such as apples, that contain PHZ.

內(nèi)容: The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals, and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota. However, specific modifications to one's diet, such as incorporating blueberries while engaging in physical activity, can also influence this association. To explore the effects of exercise and blueberry consumption on gut bacteria, we conducted an 8-week study involving healthy and hypertensive college students. Our microbiome analysis revealed slight shifts in gut bacteria composition in response to increased physical activity, with significant changes in the diversity of the g_[Eubacterium]_eligens_group observed in hypertensive college students who regularly consumed blueberries. Although exercise and blueberry supplementation had a negligible impact on the gut microbiota diversity of healthy college students, it significantly boosted the production of butyric acid bacteria in hypertensive young adults. These results suggest that the changes in gut bacteria variety and abundance brought about by blueberries may be tied to alterations in the body composition of patients with hypertension. This study aims to reveal the impact of blueberry on the hypertensive students from a unique perspective, suggesting the impact of taking blueberry while taking exercises.

內(nèi)容: This study investigated the integrated atlas of protein phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and S-nitrosylation in pre-rigor (0.5 h) and post-rigor (5 days) lamb to interpret the roles of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) during meat aging. The results showed that the most common PTMs in postmortem meat were phosphorylated proteins. PTMs regulation during the postmortem period altered proteins involved in metabolic pathways and muscle contraction. The phosphorylation and ubiquitination of proteins located in mitochondria and nuclear changed significantly between 0.5 h and 5 days postmortem. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed possible roles of total PTMs proteins, with a general downregulation of phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. There was a weak correlation in the lysine PTM of acetylation and ubiquitination at the same site in postmortem meat. Multiple PTMs of proteins in glycolysis, TCA cycle, muscle contraction and the calcium signaling pathway cooperatively regulate meat quality development from pre-rigor to post-rigor.

內(nèi)容: A tri-signal ultrasensitive colorimetric/electrochemical detection of ovomucoid (OM) was developed. Herein, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared, which exhibit excellent enzyme-like activity (peroxidase-like and laccase-like) and electrochemical activity. CuO@3-APBA nanoparticles (CuO@3-APBA NPs) were prepared by the coordinating Cu with the amino group on 3-aminophenobenic boric acid (3-APBA) in CuO NPs. 3-APBA of CuO@3-APBA can react with diol structure on sugar chain of OM under alkaline conditions. Then, a tri-signal ultrasensitive biosensing platform for OM was established based on the catalytic activity of CuO@3-APBA nanozyme. For the first signal, CuO@3-APBA can catalyze oxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) to turn the solution from colorless to blue in the presence of H2O2 (absorbance at 652 nm). For the second signal, CuO@3-APBA can catalyze the oxidation of substrates (2, 4-dichlorophenol and 4-aminoantipyrine) and turn the solution from colorless to pink (absorbance at 510 nm). For the third signal, electrochemical oxidation peak of copper ion from Cu+ to Cu2+ of CuO@3-APBA was recorded by differential pulse voltammetry, which was used to determine the OM. The sensing platform exhibited a wide linear range (0.0000316–100.000000ng/mL) with a low detection limit (0.0105 pg/mL), as well as showed advantages, such as satisfactory reproducibility, good stability, and excellent selectivity. The assay has the potential applications for ultrasensitive detection of allergen in foods.

內(nèi)容: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a prominent cause of neuronal damage and neonatal death, and effective treatment strategies remain limited. In a prior investigation, we purified a novel peptide (designated MIP-15) from the rare mushroom Morchella importuna, demonstrating its notable free radical scavenging activity. Nevertheless, the potential neuroprotective role of MIP-15 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MIP-15 exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway after HIBD. A HIBD model in 7-day-old (P7) rats was established by the Rice-Vannucci method to evaluate the effect of MIP-15 on the neurological damage severity and space cognitive ability of rats. Subsequently, an oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established in rat primary hippocampal neurons to explore the mechanism of MIP-15 action. Both in vivo and in vitro data showed that MIP-15 markedly restored endogenous antioxidative activity, decreased brain water content, and ameliorated pathological abnormalities following HIBD. The spatial cognitive ability and motor function of HIBD rats were also repaired. Moreover, in primary hippocampal neurons after OGD/R, MIP-15 increased cell viability by inhibiting the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, as manifested by stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, prevention of the release of cytochrome c, upregulation of Bcl-2/Bax, and reduction in the triggering of caspase proteins. These data indicate that MIP-15 may have the potential to act as a neuroprotective agent.

內(nèi)容: Compared to refined wheat flour, whole wheat flour contains higher nutrients, but its high content of dietary fiber can have a significant impact on the quality of the final product. Therefore, how to enable consumers to obtain health benefits from whole wheat flour and improve the processing performance of whole wheat products has become a concern. The purpose of this study is to apply 2 strains Bacillus sp. SH and Aspergillus oryzae Y21 with cellulase production capacity and study their adaptability in whole wheat dough. The results indicate that the addition of cellulase-producing strains enhanced the acid production ability of whole wheat dough, rapidly reduced its pH value and insoluble dietary fiber content, and significantly increased the water-soluble arabinoxylan and water-soluble dietary fiber content. During the fermentation process, the viscoelasticity of the dough decreased, free sulfhydryl content increased, wet gluten content decreased, and the degree of reduction was consistent with the degree of acidification. Moreover, the proteolytic activity of the dough was increased, and the hydrolysis of gliadin was the most extensive. SH showed a higher advantage and has been used in whole wheat bread making. Increasing the proportion of strain SH in whole wheat bread can improve the structural characteristics and texture of the bread. When SH (5 × 107 CFU/g) is added to whole wheat bread, its hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and resilience can be similar to those of bread made from control group wheat flour, far exceeding that of whole wheat bread without adding SH. The addition of cellulase producing strains has obvious advantages in the development of whole-wheat dough, and also promote the development of whole wheat fermented foods as staple foods.

內(nèi)容: In this study, we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer’s yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (POX1) gene. The strains studied included the parental strain, the POX1 deletion strain, and the POX1 overexpression strain. These strains were exposed to iso-α acid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L, leading to the induction of a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer’s yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-α acid stress, ultimately leading to cell death. Conversely, the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and the mRNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes (the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17 (SYM1) gene, CTA1, SOD1, and glutathione reductase (GLR1) gene) in brewer’s yeast cells at three distinct stages: normal, short-term stress, and VBNC states. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer’s yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.