Humanwellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life. Special foods are undoubtedly

important in achieving human wellness. However, overeating significantly leads to obesity and

diabetes. These chronic diseases will in turn affect the human wellness. Therefore, “dietary restriction

and proper exercise” were introduced in the human daily life. Different foods cause various effects on

the human health. The diversification of diet is a priority for nutritionists to keep our body healthy. To

avoid diabetes mellitus, special foods for ketogenic diet, low-carbon diet, and low-calorie intake are also

gradually attracting attention. In addition, the hypothesis that “hunger sensation comes from gut flora”

brings new light to the research on the biological motivation for humans to eat food. This hypothesis

has been gradually demonstrated using the flexible fasting technology by providing special foods, such

as plant polysaccharides and dietary fibers. The response to food-needing signals from the gut flora to

these foods demonstrates the importance of the gut flora in improving human wellness. The gut flora is

probably an essential factor for translating the food-eating signals and converting the nutrition to our

body. Therefore, “gut flora priority principle” is developed to guarantee human wellness. The 16S rRNA

sequencing and mass spectrometric techniques can be used to identify the gut flora, which may guide us

to a new era of human wellness based on gut flora wellness.