Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motor

signs, which begins long before the diagnosis can be made. Pharmacotherapy with dopaminergic drugs

is the mainstay of PD therapy. There is no currently available cure or disease-modifying treatment. Diet

and various foods have been proposed as possible risk factors for PD. Nutritional supplementation with

omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, and coenzyme Q may have potential in the management of

PD. In addition, several strategies could possibly lead to the development of medical foods in PD. For

example, ketogenic diets may have effects complementary to pharmacotherapy. Gut microbial dysbiosis

and altered microbial metabolites found in PD may lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in gut and

brain. Interventions targeting gut microbiota, such as the supplementation of probiotics, may provide

novel approaches to PD in regard to both symptomatic treatment and disease modification. High quality

randomized controlled trials need to be conducted in order to evaluate whether these food-based

strategies have symptomatic efficacy or the potential to delay the progression of PD.